19, 1982, the smiley emoticon was
invented as Carnegie Mellon University Professor Scott E. Fahlman proposed
punctuating humorously intended computer messages by employing a colon followed
by a hyphen and a parenthesis as a horizontal "smiley face." :-)
On this date:
In 1777, the first Battle of
Saratoga was fought during the Revolutionary War; although the British forces
succeeded in driving out the American troops, the Americans prevailed in a
second battle the following month.
In 1796, President George
Washington's farewell address was published.
In 1881, the 20th president of the
United States, James A. Garfield, died 2 1/2 months after being shot by Charles
Guiteau; Chester Alan Arthur became president.